Sand is a loose, granular material composed of finely divided rock and other mineral particles.
The composition of sand and the proportions of its components vary from one location to another.
Sand is composed of fine particles (called sand grains) with a diameter of 0.06 mm to 2 mm.
Sand and all other soil types are formed by weathering breaking down the soil.
The properties of sand can be used to determine its place of origin.
Sand grains are microscopic particles that can be seen with the naked eye.
Macroscopically, the color of the sand grains and their size can be determined.
However, to determine other physical properties of sand grains, we can look at them with a magnifying glass or compound microscope
Image: Nine grains of sand under a microscope.
Observe under a magnifying glass
Under a magnifying glass, it is possible to observe the individual particles of sand and distinguish the colors of these particles.
Based on the color and size of these particles, their origin can be determined.
When looking at sand grains under a magnifying glass, we can see that the size and color of the sand grains are not always uniform, possibly due to wind and other environmental factors causing the grains to move around.
Observation under compound microscope
Under a compound microscope, the differences between the sand grains become more apparent.
It can be seen that individual particles vary in shape, size, color and texture in sand collected from the same location.
Some particles may appear smooth, while others may appear irregular and sharp. Softer grains indicate that they formed earlier than sharp and irregular grains.
The color of the sand grains and their opacity determine the composition of the sand grains.
Translucent and shiny grains usually have a higher quartz percentage. In contrast, other dull and black particles often have iron and other metals as their main components.
Pink, peach or such light-colored sand tends to have granite as its main component.
Sand grains with holes or some texture on their surface indicate the remnants of some forms of marine life.
